50-State Solar Net Metering (NEM 3.0) & Buyback Directory
Compare full 1-to-1 retail Net Metering states, California NEM 3.0 Net Billing Tariff rules, wholesale avoided-cost export rates, and battery pairing incentives (Updated 2026).
Net Metering Quotes
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| State | NEM Policy Structure | Export Compensation Rate | Battery Storage Requirement | NEM Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florida | Full 1-to-1 Retail Net Metering | 100% of retail electricity rate (~$0.14-$0.17/kWh) | Optional (Solar standalone highly profitable) | ⭐ #1 Retail NEM |
| New Jersey | Full 1-to-1 Retail Net Metering | 100% retail rate credit + SuSI SREC-II credits | Optional | ⭐ Excellent |
| Massachusetts | Retail NEM + SMART Program | ~90-100% of basic service rate + SMART adders | Storage adder gives +5¢/kWh | ⭐ Excellent |
| New York | Value of Distributed Energy (VDER) | LSRV value stack credits + retail offset | Storage highly incentivized | ⭐ High (VDER Stack) |
| Pennsylvania | Full 1-to-1 Retail Net Metering | 100% retail generation + transmission credit | Optional | ⭐ Excellent |
| Illinois | Full 1-to-1 Retail Net Metering | 100% retail rate + Illinois Shines SRECs | Optional | ⭐ Excellent |
| California | NEM 3.0 (Net Billing Tariff) | Avoided Cost Calculator (Avg ~5¢-8¢/kWh export) | Mandatory (Battery required for >80% bill offset) | ⚠️ Low Export (Battery Essential) |
| Texas | Deregulated Retail Energy Buyback | Varies by Retail Electric Provider (REP 3¢ to 14¢/kWh) | VPP battery plans offer wholesale arbitrage | Moderate (Choose Good REP) |
| Arizona | Resource Comparison Proxy (RCP) | Fixed export rate (~7.5¢ to 8.5¢/kWh export) | Battery recommended for TOU shift | Moderate |
| North Carolina | Bridge Rate / Duke Energy Solar Choice | Time-of-Use Net Metering with dynamic peak export | PowerPair battery rebate pairs perfectly | Moderate |
| Colorado | Full 1-to-1 Retail Net Metering | 100% retail rate credit (Xcel / Black Hills) | Xcel battery incentive available | ⭐ Excellent |
| Nevada | Tiered Export Rate (Tier 4) | 75% of retail electricity rate (NV Energy) | Storage recommended | Moderate |
| Virginia | Full 1-to-1 Retail Net Metering | 100% retail credit (Dominion Energy / Appalachian) | Optional | ⭐ Excellent |
| Maryland | Full 1-to-1 Retail Net Metering | 100% retail credit + Maryland SRECs | Optional (Storage tax credit available) | ⭐ Excellent |
| Ohio | Full 1-to-1 Retail Net Metering | 100% generation portion credit (PUCO mandate) | Optional | ⭐ Good |
| Michigan | Distributed Generation (Inflow/Outflow) | Power supply cost credit (~50-60% of retail) | Storage recommended | Moderate |
| Georgia | Avoided Cost Rate (Georgia Power) | Wholesale avoided cost (~3¢-4¢/kWh export) | Super off-peak TOU + battery | ⚠️ Low Export |
| South Carolina | Solar Choice (Time-of-Use Export) | TOU dynamic export rates | Duke PowerPair battery rebate | Moderate |
| Missouri | Full 1-to-1 Retail Net Metering | 100% retail credit up to 100 kW system size | Optional | ⭐ Good |
| Washington | Full 1-to-1 Retail Net Metering | 100% retail credit with March 31 annual true-up | Optional | ⭐ Excellent |