📉 Peck Empirical Formula (Ground Volume Loss Vs 0.5%-2.0%, Maximum Surface Settlement mm)

Tunnel Ground Settlement Trough Calculator

Predict surface ground settlement profiles and building distortion settlement troughs above shallow soft-ground TBM tunneling using the classical Peck Gaussian distribution curve ($S(x) = S_{max} imes exp[-x^2 / (2i^2)]$): calculate maximum center-line settlement ($S_{max} ext{ mm}$), evaluate ground volume loss ($V_s ext{ } 0.5% ext{ to }2.0%$), and geotechnical engineering consulting profits.

1. Project & Operating Inputs

Tunnel Alignment Zone Monitored (Linear Feet e.g. 8,500 ft Urban Alignment)

Tunnel Axis Depth (Feet e.g. 45.0 ft Deep Crown Depth)

Customer Invoiced Fee for 3D Settlement Modeling & Monitoring ($)

FLAC3D Finite Element Analysis, Automated Robotic Total Stations & PE ($)

2. Financial Breakdown & Yield

PECK GROUND SETTLEMENT MODEL

Turnkey Geotechnical Settlement Study Profit

Tunnel Geotechnical Engineering Margin

0.0%

Gross Revenue / Bill

Total Project CapEx

Operating / Direct Cost