100 MW Superconducting SMES Grid Stability Buffer Model

Underwrite 100 MW / 10 MWh high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic coils operating in vacuum cryostats at 20 Kelvin (discharging full capacity in 5 milliseconds with > 95% round-trip efficiency and infinite cycle life to stabilize high-renewable grids against sudden voltage collapse). Model synthetic inertia and fast frequency response contracts ($28M/yr), and 20-yr IRR.